System and method for generating and communicating updated emergency messages

ABSTRACT

A system and method for updating a public safety answering point (PSAP) with a current location of a user may include communicating a first emergency message including a set of geographic coordinates to a PSAP in response to a user request to send an emergency message from a wireless communications device. The emergency may be a text message. The set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device may be updated, and a second emergency message including the updated set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device may be communicated to the PSAP. By updating the geographic coordinates, an operator at the PSAP may provide emergency personnel with changes in location of the user.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Application claims priority to co-pending Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/078,123 filed on Jul. 3, 2008; the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Because of the rising popularity of text messaging, e-mail, instant messaging, and various other features available on cellular telephones, people have become accustom to communicating in methods beyond traditional telephone calls. While alternative forms of communication are acceptable, or sometimes even preferable, in the event a recipient is unable to receive the alternative communication form, the communication becomes useless. Public safety answering points (PSAPs) generally have limited capabilities. There are an estimated 7,000 PSAPs in the United States. Only approximately 18% of the PSAPs are configured with enhanced 911 or E-911 Phase II capabilities, which provide for address determination of a mobile telephone caller. The other 82% of the PSAPs are limited to E-911 Phase I capabilities, which provide limited information to operators at the PSAPs. There is currently no standard data messaging to PSAP system.

SUMMARY

To expand the E-911 system, the principles of the present invention provide for sending data messages, such as text messages, to PSAPs using a common distribution system over a communications system for routing the data messages to local PSAPs. More specifically, because a single data message may be insufficient for many types of emergencies, the principles of the present invention provide for sending follow-up or repeated emails to PSAPs with updated geographic coordinates, such as GPS coordinates. By doing so, an operator at the receiving PSAP can track a user's movements for emergency assistance.

One method for updating a public safety answering point (PSAP) with a current location of a user may include communicating a first emergency message including a set of geographic coordinates to a PSAP in response to a user request to send an emergency message from a wireless communications device. The set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device may be updated, and a second emergency message including the updated set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device may be communicated to the PSAP by the wireless communications device. By updating the geographic coordinates, an operator at the PSAP may provide emergency personnel with changes in location of the user.

One embodiment of a wireless communications device, includes a memory, user interface, input/output (I/O) unit, an electronic display, and processing unit in communication with each. The processing unit may be configured to generate a first emergency message including a set of geographic coordinates. The first emergency message may be communicated via the I/O unit to a PSAP in response to receiving an emergency message request. The set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device may be updated, and a second emergency message including the updated set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device to the PSAP. Other information, such as a device identification number, associated with the wireless communications device may be sent to the PSAP to identify the mobile number and used by the PSAP to request additional action by a service provider or wireless communications device requesting emergency services.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, which are incorporated by reference herein and wherein:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of an environment for generating and communicating a preformatted emergency text message;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of one embodiment of a wireless communications device configured to communicate a preformatted emergency text message;

FIG. 3 is a screen shot of one embodiment of a display screen on a wireless communications device;

FIG. 4 is a screen shot of one embodiment of a display screen on a wireless communications device;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of one embodiment of components of a wireless communications device configured to communicate a preformatted emergency text message according to principles of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of one embodiment for inputting a fast track address according to principles of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a method for inputting a current address location according to principles of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a method for communicating an emergency text message to a PSAP according to principles of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a method for communicating an emergency text message to a PSAP according to principles of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a screen shot of one embodiment of a display screen of a wireless communications device depicting an emergency text menu;

FIG. 11 is a screen shot of one embodiment of a display screen on a wireless communications device depicting an emergency text message template;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of illustrative modules used for battery management as well as communication of an emergency message, according to principles of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a method for sending an emergency text message according to principles of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is an illustration of an illustrative map showing a vehicle traveling with a user with a wireless communications device configured to send emergency messages to a PSAP;

FIG. 15 is an illustration of an illustrative network environment in which a wireless communications device communicates repeated emergency messages to a PSAP over a communications network;

FIG. 16 is a screen shot of an illustrative graphical user interface of a PSAP operator showing a list of emergency text messages received at a PSAP;

FIG. 17 is a screen shot of an illustrative graphical user interface available to a PSAP operator for displaying emergency messages;

FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of an illustrative process for generating and communicating updated geographic coordinates in emergency messages; and

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of illustrative modules that are executable in a wireless communications device for generating and communicating emergency messages, including repeated emergency messages with updated geographic coordinates.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of an environment 100 for generating and communicating a preformatted emergency text message. A user 102 using a wireless communications device 104 may communicate an emergency text message 106 over a communications network 108 via an emergency message router 110 to one of multiple public safety answering point (PSAP) 112 a-112 n (collectively 112). The wireless communications device 104 may be a mobile telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless electronic game, multi-mode telephone, or other electronic devices configured to communicate an emergency text message 106 over the communications network 108. An emergency text message 106 may be a short message service (SMS), a multi-media messaging service (MMS), an email, or any other type of text message in which the communications network 108 is configured to communicate. The communications network 108 may be a cellular network, such as GSM or CDMA, the Internet, WiMAX, or any other communications network configured to communicate with the PSAP 112. The PSAPs 112 may interact with the communications network 108 to retrieve additional information to help facilitate emergency services.

In one embodiment, the wireless communications device 104 communicates the emergency text message 106 over the wireless communications network 108 to emergency message router 110. The emergency message router 110 may be in communication with the communications network 108 and be configured to receive and distribute emergency text messages, such as emergency text message 106. Some existing network systems may prevent messaging due to insufficient funds in an account or otherwise. The emergency router 110 may be configured to prevent signaling and control mechanisms operating on the communications network 108 from preventing emergency messaging by communcating short codes, for example, as further described herein. Some data that the emergency message router 110 may use to route emergency text messages to the appropriate PSAP includes current user location information, such as a cell site ID code (CCID), also referred to as cell site coordinates, global positioning system (GPS) coordinates, or other available information, such as customer identification information, in the emergency text message 106. Along with information stored in the emergency message router 110, as well as available on remote sources, the emergency message router 110 may then choose the most appropriate PSAP for message delivery. Through these same connections, the PSAP 112 may provide instructions to the communications network 108 to perform specific functions, such as retrieve geographic coordinates on a regular basis and return this information to PSAP 112 depending on the type of emergency situation (e.g., hostage or kidnapping situation). Given that there are many thousands of PSAPs, selection of the most appropriate or closest PSAP to the current location of the user who sent the emergency text message can be helpful to emergency personnel.

The PSAPs have a wide variety of capabilities depending upon the equipment and level of sophistication of the PSAP 112. For instance, some of the PSAPs 112 may have limited capabilities and be capable of receiving address information, call back number, and a person's name to which the calling phone number is registered. Other, more sophisticated PSAPs 112, may have the ability to receive GPS location coordinates, as well as other more detailed information. The emergency message router 110 may have knowledge of the capabilities of each of the PSAPs 112 and use this knowledge, in addition to distance or other location information, to determine the most appropriate PSAP for the message. Having an emergency message router 110 allows for a generic emergency network address, such as an Internet Protocol domain name “911.911”, to be used as a generic routing address domain name, rather than individual users 102 having to input a specific PSAP address each time their location changes. The stored emergency network address may be any address, with the Internet Protocol domain name “911.911” being just one example. Without the emergency message router 110, an emergency text message 106 may be delivered to a PSAP which either does not have the capability of receiving text messages or may not be the closest PSAP to the user 102. Within the PSAP may be one or more terminals having a PSAP display screen 114 for displaying the emergency text message 106. Any known or related information to the user who sent the emergency text message 106 may also be displayed on the PSAP display screen 114 upon receipt.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of one embodiment of a wireless communications device 200 configured to communicate an emergency text message. The wireless communications device 200 may include a display screen 202 for communicating visual data, such as text, to a user. In this embodiment, the display screen 202 depicts a number of fields used in populating a preformatted emergency text message. A recipient field 204 may include a generic emergency message router address, such as the Internet Protocol domain name “911.911”, as described previously in FIG. 1. By default, the recipient field 204 may automatically be populated with the generic emergency message router address.

A message text field 206 may also be pre-populated with a default message, such as, “need emergency/911 help” and/or device specific information, such as device identification number and/or geographic coordinates. In an alternative embodiment, the message text field may be entered manually and edited by the user. Alternatively, the message text field may be selected from a list of pre-defined emergency messages. A name field 208 may also be included for indicating the name of the person associated with a wireless communications device 200 that is communicating the emergency text message. In an alternative embodiment, the name field 208 may also be edited by the user replacing any default name in the field. A call back number field 210 may provide a PSAP with a number for contacting the user for more information regarding an emergency. The call back number 210 may not necessarily be a number directly associated with the wireless communication device 200, but rather may be a number associated with an emergency contact, such as a family member or friend. For example, some wireless communications devices 200 may have text capability, but not voice capability. Therefore, an attempt to call the wireless communication device may not work. Providing the call back number 210 belonging to a friend or family member may allow a person at the PSAP to obtain additional information that could prove helpful. Additionally, the PSAP may attempt to respond to the text message via a text message response. A “respond silently” soft-button, field, or hard-button (not shown) may enable a user to cause the wireless communications device to be placed into a silent mode, whereby inbound messages and call alerts are silenced.

A current location field 212 may be populated by the user prior to communicating the emergency text message. Alternatively, the current location field 212 may be blank if the user chooses or does not have time to populate the current location field 212. While the current location field 212 may be useful in providing the PSAP with location information, it may not always be possible to have the current location field 212 updated or entered prior to sending the emergency text message. Because the current location field 212 may be blank, a permanent address field 214 may also be provided to send the PSAP. The permanent address may be the user's home or office, where additional information may likely be found. Even if the wireless communications device 200 is not located at the permanent address found in the permanent address field 212, having a permanent contact address may prove to be useful in the event an investigation or other information needs to be obtained at a later time. In one embodiment, a device identification number, such as a mobile equipment identity (MEID) number, may be sent to the network 108 provider to provide device owner, contact, or other pertinent information. In one embodiment, the device identification number may be included in the emergency text message. Alternatively, the device identification number may be communicated concurrently at the time the emergency text message is sent to the PSAP 112. In another embodiment, the PSAP 112 may request the device identification number from the communications network 108 in a serial nature.

GPS coordinate fields 216 may also be included to provide GPS coordinates to the PSAP if the wireless communications device 200 is GPS enabled. If the wireless communications device 200 is GPS enabled, geographic coordinates, such as latitude and longitude coordinates, may be included or populated in the emergency text message and communicated within the emergency text message to provide specific location information for locating the user with the wireless communications device 200. Frequently, GPS coordinate information will not be available because of the type of device, location, or environmental factors, such as being in a basement or a thickly walled building. Therefore, GPS coordinate information may not be available, even if the wireless communications device 200 is GPS enabled. Additionally, GPS coordinates may be requested from the communications network, as is described below in reference to FIG. 8. When the fields are populated, either by the user or automatically by the wireless communications device 200, a send button 218 may be activated to communicate the emergency text message. The fields may be pre-populated during a setup procedure, with the exception of GPS coordinate field 216, thereby allowing a user in an emergency situation to communicate the message without taking the time to input new information. Because the GPS coordinates are expected to vary over time, the GPS coordinates are automatically inserted by the wireless communications device 200 at the time of the emergency.

Because specific emergencies, such as a hostage or kidnapping situation, may require additional geo-coded monitoring, the communications network may enable specific functions, such as regular geo-coordinate updates, to be communicated to the PSAP. The text message contains specific fields enabled automatically as part of the formation of the text message such that the communications network decodes these fields and determines the text message as an emergency message. The communications network may perform additional functions if the message is deemed an emergency message, such as (i) log the message, (ii) provide additional user information based on the device identification number either extracted from the emergency message or derived by the network, (iii) enact regular geo-coordinate capture and transmission to the PSAP, or (iv) otherwise.

FIG. 3 is a screen shot of one embodiment of a display screen 300 on a wireless communications device. On the display screen 300, a user may be prompted to enter information into the current location field as described in FIG. 2. The current address input field 302 may be populated using a touch screen or keypad as available on the wireless communications device. The current address input field 302 may be altered at any time by the user. The current address of the user provides the PSAP with more specific information regarding the exact location of the wireless communications device.

Upon completion of the address into the current address input field 302, a user may submit the information by selecting the submit button 304. In one embodiment, in order to avoid an incorrect current address or location information from being sent to the PSAP, the wireless communications device may be configured to clear the current location field when it is determined that the user has moved beyond a set distance, such as 50 feet. For example, if a user's CCID code or GPS coordinates have changed, the user would not want the current address field to incorrectly display location information in the event of an emergency. The wireless communications device may be configured to recognize the change and automatically clear out the current location field. In one embodiment, previous addresses may be stored and selectable by the user to make entering the address faster and easier. In one embodiment, the issuance of an emergency text message with specific message attributes may trigger the wireless communications device to perform additional functions, such as regularly capture geographic coordinates, if possible, even if network 108 is unavailable. These captured geographic coordinates may be sent at a later time when network is again available, thereby allowing the determination of a device movement vector.

FIG. 4 is a screen shot of an embodiment of a display screen 400 on a wireless communications device. On the display screen 400, a user may be prompted to enter an address for the permanent address input field 402. The permanent address input field 402 may be the default address for use in the event that a current address is unavailable at the time an emergency text message is being sent by the user. The permanent address input field 402 may be associated with an emergency contact or may be the billing address associated with the wireless communications device. While the permanent address input field 402 may be updated at any time, generally, the permanent address field does not change as frequently as the current address field. In addition to user input, the permanent address input field may be populated based on billing data available over the network or another available data source. Upon population of the permanent address input field, the user may submit the information by selecting a submit button 404.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of one embodiment of components 500 of a wireless communications device 501 configured to communicate a preformatted emergency text message according to principles of the present invention. The wireless communications device 501 may also include a processor 502 for processing the preformatted emergency text message. The processor 502 may execute software 504 capable of performing the functionality of the wireless communications device 501. The wireless communications device 501 may also include an input/output I/O) unit 506 for communicating emergency text messages, as well as providing for the traditional functionalities of the wireless communication device 501, as commonly known in the art. The I/O unit 506 may additionally include a transceiver (not shown) for transmitting an emergency message to a PSAP or remote location and for receiving and sending communications as commonly performed by a wireless communications device 501.

A memory 508 may also be located within the wireless communications device 501 for storing data being processed by the processor 502, as well as user data (not shown) for use in generating a preformatted emergency text message 509. The memory 508 may be RAM, FLASH, or any other memory configured to operate in the wireless communication device 501. In addition to data being processed and the user data, the memory 508 may also store menu information 510 used in displaying menus for guiding a user of the wireless communications device 501 through creation of an emergency text message and pre-population of device specific information, such as device identification number, geographic coordinates, if available, and/or enacting specific device operating parameters, such as silence response. Emergency text message templates 511 that define structure of text messages that are used to report different types of emergencies may also be stored in the memory 508. Depending on selections made by the user using the menus 510, a particular one of the emergency text message templates 511 may be selected for use in generating an emergency text message. Having different emergency text message templates 511 allows different information to be included or not included depending on the particular type of emergency selected by the user via the menus 510. For example, a fire emergency away from a user's home may not include the user's home address as would a medical emergency occurring at the user's home.

A display 512 for viewing data from the wireless communications device 501 may also be provided. The display 512 may also allow for a user to view an emergency text message that has been generated, edit the message, read replies, and perform many other functions of a display 512.

A GPS device 514 may also be provided within the wireless communications device 501. The GPS device 514 may be an electronic component or some other hardware, either integrated into the wireless communications device or in communication with the wireless communications device 501, which provides GPS enablement to the wireless communications device 501. GPS enablement allows for the wireless communications device 501 to be able to generate current GPS coordinates, which may be used within the emergency text message.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart which is one embodiment of a method 600 for inputting a fast track address according to the principles of the present invention, where a fast track address may be considered the permanent address associated with a wireless communications device that enables a user to be quickly tracked by emergency personnel, as described previously. At step 602, a determination is made as to whether a fast track address has been stored. If a fast track address has been stored, the process ends. If there is no fast track address stored, in step 604, a user is prompted to enter a fast track address using the keypad or any other available input means on the wireless communications device. In step 606, the entered fast track address for use in the emergency text message may be stored. Upon initiating the communication of an emergency text message, there will be, at a minimum, a fast track address available for communication to the PSAP. Ideally, current location information would also be communicated. However, current location information may not always be available. The described process may occur at any time and is not limited to an initial setup. For example, a user wishing to update a fast track address may also have that option.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart which is one embodiment of a method 700 for inputting a current address location according to principles of the present invention. At step 702, a wireless communications device may receive a request to submit a current address representing where the user is currently located. The request may be generated in response to an input (e.g., menu selection) by the user or the request may be automatically generated by the wireless communications device in the event that the wireless communications device recognizes a change in current location. In step 704, a user is prompted to enter the current address location. The current address location may be a street address, a landmark address, or any other similar address where emergency services may be able to locate the user. In step 706, the wireless communications device may store a current address location for use in emergency text messages. As described previously, if the user does not enter a current address location, this field may remain blank, thereby potentially reducing the usefulness of the emergency text message for users at the PSAP. However, having the current address location blanked after it is determined that the wireless communications device has moved removes the likelihood that incorrect location information would be stored or otherwise communicated to emergency services.

FIG. 8 is one embodiment of a flow chart 800 for communicating an emergency text message to a PSAP according to principles of the present invention. In step 802, a wireless communications device receives an emergency text message request from a user. The emergency text message request may be initiated by a hard-button, a soft-button, or any other number of methods for initiating the request. In step 804, the wireless communications device may access the stored address data, name data, and message data that are available for populating an emergency text message. The stored data may be located within a wireless communications device itself, but may also be located remotely. Storing the data locally, however, insures that whether or not a communications link is presently available to a remote location including the data, the information will be available. If the link is unavailable, then the emergency text message may be sent once the link is again available, and is queued so that sending the emergency text message is the highest priority.

In step 806, a determination is made as to whether GPS coordinate data is available. If the wireless communications device is GPS enabled and the GPS coordinates are available, then at step 808, an emergency text message is populated with the GPS coordinates. The emergency text message is also populated with the stored information. In step 809, the emergency text message is sent to emergency services, such as a PSAP via a network router configured to identify and route the emergency message to a PSAP local to the user.

If the GPS coordinate data was not available in step 806, in step 810 a request may be made for coordinates that may be available from the network. Triangulation or other commonly known methods may be used by a network device to determine GPS coordinate data. In step 812, a determination is made as to whether the current GPS coordinates are available within a predetermined time window. The predetermined time window may be anytime from a fraction of a second to multiple seconds and should provide sufficient time for coordinates to be made available from the network. If the current GPS coordinates are available within the predetermined time window from step 812, the emergency text message may be populated and then sent to emergency services complete with GPS coordinate data as described previously in steps 808 and 809. If the current GPS coordinates were not available within the predetermined time window, the emergency text message may be sent without GPS coordinate data in step 809.

In step 814, a determination is made as to whether the GPS coordinate data was sent. If the GPS coordinate data was sent, the process ends. If the current GPS coordinates data were not sent, a second time window may be granted. In step 816, it may be determined whether GPS coordinates were available within the second time window. If the GPS coordinates data were available within the predetermined second time window, the emergency text message may be populated with the current GPS coordinates and sent to emergency services, as described in steps 808 and 809. If the GPS coordinates were not available within the second time window, the process ends. If specific fields or functions are enabled, such as respond silently, then the communications network and/or wireless communications device may enable regular geographic coordinate capture and transmission to the PSAP as follow-on information to the emergency text message.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart 900 of one embodiment for communicating an emergency text message to a PSAP according to principles of the present invention. In step 902, in response to receiving a request to communicate an emergency text message, stored personal data may be accessed for use in generating content of the emergency text message. Stored personal data may include names, addresses, phone numbers, and any other relevant information. In step 904, a determination is made as to whether current location coordinates are available. Current location coordinates may be provided by a GPS enabled wireless communications device or any available network in which the wireless communications device is in communication. The emergency text message may be populated in step 906 with the accessed stored personal data and current location coordinates, if available. In step 908, the populated emergency text message may be communicated over a communications network.

The formation of the emergency text message may include an information summary field that may be decoded by the communications network to enable specific PSAP assistance functions or network functions, such as logging, status, or otherwise. The information summary field may be derived from the type of message or other device specific parameters. This information summary field may be automatically placed at the beginning of the emergency text message. Any emergency text message received by an emergency data message router may decode this information summary field and request that the communications network enable additional emergency response functions. Alternatively, the PSAP may make a similar request to the communications network as a result of an escalation situation.

FIG. 10 is a screen shot of one embodiment of a display screen 1002 of a wireless communications device depicting an emergency message menu. An emergency message menu may be a menu for generating an emergency message, whether the message is generated for delivery by SMS or text, email, or any number of communications types. Depicted on the display screen 1002, is an emergency text message menu 1004. Within the emergency text message menu 1004, menu items 1006 describing various emergencies that can occur may be displayed. The emergency text message menu 1004 may be initiated by a hard-button or soft-button, as described above in FIG. 8. Other menu initiation methods, such as selecting an option (e.g., icon) from a display may also cause the emergency text message menu 1004 to be displayed.

Within the menu items 1006 that are listed, various emergency event types may be displayed, including a default selection, such as “SEND HELP, EMERGENCY,” as well as an “other selection” for use in situations which are not specifically listed in the menu items 1006. In one embodiment, emergency event types may additionally be generated and stored by users for immediate, as well as future use. Specific selections may trigger the sending device or communications network to perform additional functions, enable specific algorithms, or otherwise to assist emergency responses. Also depicted in FIG. 10 is a menu selection 1008 indicative of item 6, “VEHICULAR ACCIDENT,” being selected. Upon selecting the menu selection 1008, sub-menus, such as those listed in TABLES 1 and 2 below, may be displayed to aid the user in generating the emergency text message with appropriate information.

TABLE 1 FIRE/EXPLOSION SUB-MENUS LOCATION My Residence House Apartment High Rise Apartment Low Rise Business Factory Vehicle Forest Other TYPE Regular Fire Chemical Bomb Gas Tank . . .

TABLE 1 depicts an example of a sub-menu that may be displayed when “FIRE/EXPLOSION” is selected from the menu items 1006. The first sub-menu that may be displayed for “FIRE” is a location listing, including “MY RESIDENCE.,” “HOUSE,” “APARTMENT,” etc. The most relevant location may be selected by the user and stored for inserting into the emergency text message in a location field. After selecting the location, a sub-menu regarding particular types of fire may be displayed. For example, if a fire was caused by a gas tank, a user selects option “4” to indicate the nature of the fire. Additional information entered by the user may be provided within the emergency text message. Information identifying the user and his or her location may also be provided in the emergency text message. It should be understood that the sub-menus may be displayed separately or on a single screen and that a send soft-button may be displayed on any screen so as to enable the user to send the emergency message before going through each menu and sub-menu.

TABLE 2 VEHICULAR ACCIDENT SUB-MENUS VEHICLES INJURIES NUMBER SITUATION  6. Single Automobile 1. None 1. None 1. None  7. Multiple Automobiles 2. Minor 2. One 2. Fire  8. Tractor Trailer 3. Serious 3. Two 3. Chemical Leak  9. Train 4. Death 4. Many 4. Explosion 10. Motorcycle 5. Death and 5. . . . 5. Water 11. Boat    Serious 6. Off Cliff 12. Bicycle & Vehicle 7. . . . 13. Airplane 14. Bus

TABLE 2 depicts another set of sub-menus that may be displayed upon the user selecting option 6, “VEHICULAR ACCIDENT,” of the menu items 1006. The first sub-menu that may be displayed, “VEHICLES,” is a listing of vehicles to give emergency services an idea of the type of vehicle(s) they may encounter. In this example, option 2, “MULTIPLE AUTOMOBILES,” may be selected. After selection of the type of vehicles, a listing of injuries that may be known may also be displayed. In this example, option 2, “MINOR,” may be selected, indicating there may be minor injuries caused by the accident. Following the selection of the severity of the injuries, another menu regarding the number of people involved may be displayed. In this case, selection 3, which represents two people being injured, may be selected. Next, another menu regarding a particular situation surrounding the accident may be displayed under the heading “SITUATION.” For this example, option 1, “NONE,” may be selected. Depending upon the particular type of emergency (e.g., medical emergency, fire/explosion, assault, etc.), different types or different numbers of menus may be displayed to assist a user in generating relevant information for an emergency text message.

FIG. 11 is a screen shot of one embodiment of a display screen 1102 on a wireless communications device depicting an emergency text message template. In this embodiment, the menu selections described in TABLE 2 has been used to populate an emergency text message template 1104. Various text message fields, such as a recipient field or an emergency type field, have been automatically populated based on responses to the menu selections previously made by the user. For example, in the emergency text message template 1104, the recipient field labeled “TO:” may be automatically populated with an emergency network address, such as Internet Protocol domain name “911.911,” where an appropriate PSAP may be determined based on location of the user. The next three fields may be populated based on the menu selections previously made. For example, the first field describes the emergency type which is the menu selection 1008, “VEHICULAR ACCIDENT.” The next two lines displayed are from sub-menu selections as described in TABLE 2. For example, selection 2, “MULTIPLE AUTOMOBILES”, was made, and therefore, is displayed in the emergency text message. The severity of injuries was selected as “MINOR,” and the “NUMBER” selected indicates that “TWO” people were injured. The selections appear on the next line in the emergency text message. The situation in which the vehicular accident occurred was selected as “NONE”, therefore, that field remains blank in the emergency text message. The emergency text message 1104 also contains a name field which may be automatically populated as described previously, as well as a call back number field which may also be populated automatically. In addition to fields being automatically populated, a user may be allowed to edit any field manually before sending the emergency text message. As understood in the art, the number of characters available to be sent in an SMS message is 160 or less, so the template is limited to that parameter. In an alternative embodiment, additional messages may be sent that contains information that indicates that these emergency text messages are continuations of an initial emergency text message.

Also displayed in the emergency text message template 1104 are location coordinate fields (e.g., GPS coordinates) for latitude and longitude of the wireless communications device. Depending on the type of emergency, these fields may or may not be displayed, as sometimes their relevance is less important for the particular emergency type. For example, if a user is reporting an accident in which they previously drove past, the current location coordinates may not be where emergency services should be directed. In one embodiment, another sub-menu (not shown) may allow a user to enter whether or not the current location coordinates should be included within the emergency text message or whether an address or intersection should be entered in.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of illustrative modules 1200 used for the generation and communication of an emergency message according to the principles of the present invention. An emergency message manager module 1202 may be provided for overall management of generating and sending an emergency text message within a wireless communications device. The emergency message manager module 1202 may be responsible for coordinating data flow through additional modules or may be primarily responsible for all the activities involved in the generation of emergency text messages. All different types of emergency text messages, including default messages where a menu is not provided to a user, as well as emergency text messages created through the use of menus, may be generated and communicated using the emergency text message module 1202.

For generating emergency text messages using a menu, a menu manager module 1204 may be provided for managing the various menus that are used in the generation of the emergency text messages. The menu manager module 1204 may be responsible for providing choices for user selection, accepting input for user selection, storing the user selection, and using the user selection to generate other menus or sub-menus for the user. As described previously, depending upon a particular emergency type, different types of information may be requested from the user to provide to emergency services. While the menu manager module 1204 may be responsible for the menus and sub-menus generated and displayed to the user, a sub-menu manager module 1206 may additionally be provided for managing various sub-menus. The sub-menu manager module 1206, as with the menu manager module 1204, may be responsible for generating sub-menus, accepting input from the user, storing input from the user, and determining which sub-menu to display subsequently, if at all.

An emergency message generator module 1208 may be provided for generating an emergency text message using the selection made by a user who has entered selections from the menu. Additionally, the emergency message generator module 1208 may simply issue a default emergency text message in the event the user requests to send an emergency message without using the menu system. The emergency message generator module 1208 may be a stand alone module that gets called from the emergency message manager module or may be called as a subroutine of the menu manager module 1204 or sub-menu manager module 1206. By using inputs selected by the user using the menu or automatically generated by the wireless communications device (e.g., GPS data coordinates), the emergency message generator module 1208 may generate the emergency text messages for communication to emergency services. The emergency message generator module 1208 may additionally be responsible for determining or generating an information summary field and placement at the beginning of the emergency text message.

A GPS coordinate data collector module 1210 may determine GPS coordinate data by the wireless communications device or request GPS coordinate data from network sources as previously described. The emergency message generator module 1208 may query the GPS coordinate data collector module 1210 for GPS coordinate data to be entered into the emergency text message where appropriate. An emergency message transmit module 1212 may also be provided for transmitting an emergency text message to emergency services, such as a PSAP. The emergency transit module 1212 may be in communication with an emergency message router as described in FIG. 1 in order to locate an appropriate PSAP for delivery of the emergency text message. Alternatively, the emergency message transmit module 1212 may use a default address and/or a manually entered address in transmitting the emergency text message.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method 1300 for sending an emergency text message according to principles of the present invention. In step 1302, an emergency text message menu request may be received. The emergency text message menu request may be generated by a hard or soft-button or by selecting an option within a wireless communications device main menu, as is well known in the art.

In step 1304, one or more emergency text message menus may be displayed. In one embodiment, a main menu listing various types of emergencies may lead to a listing of sub-menus regarding related information typically necessary or helpful to emergency services. Using the sub-menus helps to guide the user through the generation of the emergency text message rather than a free form text entry, so as to be faster and standardized. The user may be allowed to view and select a menu selection with the selected emergency text message menu selections being received in step 1306.

In step 1308, an emergency text message template may be populated by using text indicative of selected emergency text message menu selections. Once the text message menu selections, default, and other available information have populated the emergency text message template, the emergency text message, in step 1310, the generated emergency text message may be sent to the PSAP. It should be understood that certain information may be omitted, if unavailable, when sending the emergency text message. For example, if the geographic coordinates are unavailable due to being in a building without GPS satellite reception, then the emergency text message may be sent to the PSAP without the geographic coordinates, thereby allowing a user to report an emergency. An operator at the PSAP may follow up with the user via a telephone using the telephone number received in the emergency text message to determine the precise location or address of the emergency.

While having the ability to send emergency text messages is helpful to users, there are certain emergency situations where a single message to a PSAP is not enough. For example, a user or victim who is kidnapped or trying to flee a motorist with “road rage” is provided additional safety by additional emergency messages that include updated geographic coordinate information being sent to the PSAP. The additional emergency messages may be sent based on the user's location changing (e.g., greater than 100 feet), periodically (e.g., every minute), or otherwise. Because text messaging is typically a single message operation, a process may be initiated to repeatedly send emergency text messages until discontinued by the user. An information summary field may be contained at the beginning of an emergency text message, which may trigger additional action to be taken by the emergency data message router, such as informing a network provider that an emergency situation is underway and that regular updates of network assisted GPS should be sent to the emergency data message router for forwarding to the PSAP. Although described as text messaging, other forms of messaging, such as instant messaging, may be utilized in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an illustration of an illustrative map 1400 showing a vehicle 1401 traveling with a user (not shown) with a wireless communications device (not shown) configured to send emergency messages to a PSAP. The scene on the map 1400 is illustrative of a user being kidnapped or fleeing from another driver who may be following the user for mischievous purposes, such as a person with “road rage.” As the vehicle 1401 travels from a first position 1402 a to an nth position 1402 n, the wireless communications device repeatedly communicates an emergency message to the PSAP with updated geographic coordinates. As shown, when the vehicle 1401 is at position 1042 a, a set of geographic coordinates is (lat: 32.48062, long: −96.47870), where the set of geographic coordinates may be GPS coordinates. If the wireless communications device is GPS enabled, then the wireless communications device generates the set of geographic coordinates. Otherwise, the geographic coordinates may be determined by the network and relayed to the wireless communications device for inclusion in an emergency message, such as an emergency text message. The PSAP may employ mathematical algorithms to determine a vector and rate of travel used to intercept the user. These algorithms could generate an output response, such as “traveling south-east at 15 miles per hour.”

As the vehicle travels, an emergency message is communicated at each of the positions 1402 b to 1402 n with updated sets of geographic coordinates. In one embodiment, the wireless communications device may be configured to send emergency messages with updated geographic coordinates periodically (e.g., once per minute) or based on moving at least a predetermined distance from a previous emergency message communication, such as 30 feet. By repeatedly communicating an emergency message with updated geographic coordinates, the PSAP may track the user over time and report movement to emergency personnel, such as police. To notify the user that emergency messages are being communicated, an illumination device, such as a light emitting diode or other light source or other visual indicator, optionally behind an emergency message hard-button, may flash on and off each time an emergency message is communicated.

FIG. 15 is an illustration of an illustrative network environment 1500 in which a wireless communications device 1502 communicates repeated emergency messages with updated geographic coordinates to a PSAP 1504 over a communications network 1506. A first emergency message EM₁ including a first set of geographic coordinates is sent to the PSAP 1504 at a time T₁. At some time later T₂, a second emergency message EM₂ including an updated set of geographic coordinates is sent to the PSAP 1504. There are situations that the wireless communications device does not have current GPS coordinates, such as when the wireless communications device is located indoors. In such a case, by automatically sending a second emergency message with updated GPS coordinates, when available, enables a PSAP operator to locate the user. Additionally, the PSAP may notify the network provider that GPS tracking is warranted for this device, and the network provider enables/removes geographic coordinate tracking.

FIG. 16 is a screen shot of an illustrative graphical user interface 1600 of a PSAP operator showing a list 1602 of emergency text messages received at a PSAP. Each row in the list 1602 represents a separate emergency message received by the PSAP. However, the emergency messages may be communicated from the same wireless communications device with updated geographic coordinates. As shown, five emergency messages are communicated to the PSAP from John Smith with a generic “EMERGENCY” notification. The “EMERGENCY” notification may be generated in response to a user pressing an emergency message button on the wireless communications device to initiate an emergency message communication. The wireless communications device may continue to repeatedly send emergency messages periodically (e.g., every 30 or 60 seconds) or in response to traveling greater than a certain distance (e.g., 100 feet, ¼ mile) until the user actively cancels the wireless communications device from sending emergency messages with updated geographic coordinates. The first emergency message may contain a full set of information about the user, if available, and subsequent messages may be more limited in information, such as including only telephone number, name, and updated geographic coordinates, thereby enabling the emergency messages to be generated and communicated faster.

FIG. 17 is a screen shot of an illustrative graphical user interface 1700 available to a PSAP operator for displaying information received in multiple emergency text messages from a single user. As shown, time and date 1702 are displayed to show the time and date when a first text emergency message is communicated to the PSAP. In addition, information 1704 associated with the user that was generated and communicated by the user's wireless communications device as part of a pre-established emergency text message is displayed for the PSAP operator. Furthermore, an emergency type, in this case a default “EMERGENCY” message type in response to the user activating an emergency message button, is displayed to indicate the type of emergency that the user is facing.

A table 1708 may also be displayed that lists the time and geographic coordinates that the user is located at each emergency message transmission. To enable an operator to more easily provide location information to emergency personnel, two selectable soft-buttons 1710 and 1712 are provided to change or add the street address and map the geographic coordinates, respectively, as understood in the art. In an alternative embodiment, the street address and map may be automatically displayed without having to select a soft-button. The graphical user interface 1700 provides an aggregate of the information sent by a user in multiple emergency text messages, whether communicated by the user actively sending multiple text messages by activating an emergency text message button multiple times or using a feature that sends multiple emergency text messages until canceled.

FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of an illustrative process 1800 for generating and communicating updated geographic coordinates in emergency messages by a wireless communications device. At step 1802, a first emergency message including a set of geographic coordinates and/or device identification may be communicated to a PSAP. In communicating the emergency message to the PSAP, the emergency message may be communicated to an address that is easily remembered, such as Internet Protocol domain name “911.911,” or stored by the wireless communications device. The communications network may route the emergency message to the address for further routing to a local PSAP and/or decoding emergency message, thereby triggering additional actions to be taken by the network provider. At step 1804, the set of geographic coordinates may be updated. The geographic coordinates may be updated on a periodic basis, distance moved basis, event basis (e.g., transitioning between cell towers or mobile switching centers), or otherwise. At step 1806, the updated set of geographic coordinates may be communicated to the PSAP. In communicating the updated geographic coordinates, a pre-established emergency text message that is the same as the initial emergency text message or an abbreviated emergency text message may be generated, and the updated geographic coordinates may be inserted for communication. At step 1808, a determination may be made as to whether the user has canceled repeating the emergency messaging. If not, then the process repeats steps 1804 and 1806; otherwise, the process ends at step 1810. The PSAP may collect information and automatically determine a travel rate and vector used to pinpoint the sending device.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of illustrative modules 1900 that are executable in a wireless communications device for generating and communicating emergency messages, including repeated emergency messages with updated geographic coordinates. Modules 1202-1210 are the same as those of FIG. 12. An emergency position tracker module 1902 may be configured to track or otherwise collect geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device after an emergency message has been requested. The geographic coordinates may be updated on a continuous, periodic, or aperiodic basis so that an emergency message update module 1904 can make the determination as to whether or not to send updated geographic coordinates to the PSAP. The decision may be based on a distance moved, using a conventional distance calculation, from the location that the previous emergency message was sent. If the wireless device does not move more than a predetermined distance (e.g., 100 feet), then the emergency message update module 1904 may make the decision not to send another emergency message since the geographic coordinates having not changed a sufficient amount and the PSAP operator may assume that the user requesting emergency assistance is in the approximate same location.

A cancel emergency message update module 1906 may be configured to identify that the user selectively requested to cancel sending the emergency messages with the updated geographic coordinates. In making the cancellation, the user may press the emergency message button using a pre-established sequence that starts and stops emergency messages to be generated and communicated, such as pressing the emergency message button three times within one second.

Although the principles of the present have primarily been described with regard to wireless communications devices, it should be understood that wired communications devices, including wired/wireless computers, may be adapted to include emergency messaging, as described herein. One or more buttons or other initiation devices may be provided on the wired communications devices to generate and communicate an emergency data message to a network location for routing to a PSAP local to the user. In adapting the wired communications devices, software may be included in the devices to generate and communicate an emergency data message (e.g., text message or email) using a communications protocol that is capable of being communicated over the communications network (e.g., public switched telephone network, cable network, Internet), as understood in the art. Information specific to the user, location of the user, or otherwise may be included in the emergency data message. For example, name, address, number of people in residence, photograph, medical conditions, or any other information may be preestablished for retrieval and inclusion in the emergency data message, thereby providing information to an operator at a PSAP to provide emergency personnel, such as police, firemen, or medical personnel.

The previous detailed description is of a small number of embodiments for implementing the invention and is not intended to be limiting in scope. One of skill in this art will immediately envisage the methods and variations used to implement this invention in other areas than those described in detail. The following claims set forth a number of the embodiments of the invention disclosed with greater particularity. 

We claim:
 1. A method for updating a public safety answering point (PSAP) with a current location of a user, said method comprising: pre-establishing an emergency message that at least in part includes information entered by the user; selecting an emergency message template from a plurality of emergency templates in response to a user's selection of emergency type using an emergency text message menu, wherein the plurality of emergency templates define a plurality of structures of text messages that are used to report different types of emergencies; generating a first emergency message in the selected emergency message template that includes the pre-established emergency message, the first emergency message including a plurality of data fields populated with user data and a pair of data fields automatically populated with a set of geographic coordinates; communicating the first emergency message including the set of geographic coordinates to the PSAP in response to a user request to send an emergency message from a wireless communications device; updating the set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device; and communicating a second emergency message including the updated set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device to the PSAP in response to determining that the location of the wireless communications device has moved by at least a predetermined distance in any direction; and informing a network provider that an emergency situation is underway, causing the network provider to forward network assisted GPS data to the PSAP.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein communicating the first and second emergency messages includes communicating text messages.
 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising automatically initiating the second emergency message without user interaction.
 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: repeatedly updating the set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device; and communicating at least one third emergency message to the PSAP with the repeatedly updated geographic coordinates.
 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising stopping updating and communicating in response to the user canceling the request to send an emergency message.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein communicating the set of geographic coordinates includes communicating global positioning system (GPS) coordinates.
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second emergency messages are related to the same incident, and wherein communicating the first and second emergency messages includes communicating emergency messages having different formats.
 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising illuminating an illumination device located behind an emergency message hard button to provide a visual indicator after communicating each emergency message to notify the user that the emergency messages have been communicated.
 9. A wireless communications device, comprising: a memory; a user interface; an input/output (I/O) unit; an electronic display; and a processing unit in communication with said memory, user interface, I/O unit, and electronic display, said processing unit configured to: pre-establish an emergency message that at least in part includes information entered by the user; select an emergency message template from a plurality of emergency templates in response to a user's selection of emergency type using an emergency text message menu, wherein the plurality of emergency templates define a plurality of structures of text messages that are used to report different types of emergencies; generate a first emergency message in the selected emergency message template that includes the pre-established emergency message and a set of geographic coordinates, the first emergency message including a plurality of data fields populated with user data and a pair of data fields automatically populated with the set of geographic coordinates; communicate the first emergency message via said I/O unit to a public safety answering point (PSAP) in response to receiving an emergency message request; update the set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device; communicate a second emergency message including the updated set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device to the PSAP in response to determining that the location of the wireless communications device has moved by at least a predetermined distance in any direction; and inform a network provider that an emergency situation is underway, causing the network provider to forward network assisted GPS data to the PSAP.
 10. The wireless communications device according to claim 9, wherein the first and second emergency messages are text messages.
 11. The wireless communications device according to claim 9, wherein said processing unit is configured to initiate the second emergency message without user interaction.
 12. The wireless communications device according to claim 9, wherein said processing unit is further configured to: repeatedly update the set of geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device; and communicate at least one third emergency messages with the repeatedly updated geographic coordinates to the PSAP.
 13. The wireless communications device according to claim 9, wherein said processing unit is further configured to stop updating and communicating in response to the user canceling the request to send emergency messages.
 14. The wireless communications device according to claim 9, wherein the geographic coordinates are global positioning system (GPS) coordinates.
 15. The wireless communications device according to claim 9, wherein the first and second emergency messages have different formats.
 16. The wireless communications device according to claim 9, further comprising an illumination device located behind an emergency hard button, and wherein said processing unit is further configured to illuminate said illumination device after communicating each emergency message to notify the user that the emergency messages have been sent.
 17. The wireless communications device according to claim 9, wherein said memory stores at least one pre-established emergency message, and wherein said processing unit is further configured to select a pre-established emergency message to form the first emergency message. 